Life is a decision. Everything we do comes with decisions. Augustine said that God has linked man to his choices, so non-election is an election. But how do we decide? Our decisions are made according to criteria, values, there is even a science dedicated to the study of values: axiology (from Greek axios ??????). The question then is: what do we decide whether our decisions are honorable or petty, better or worse?How is the size or smallness of an action, virtue, or vice measured?
In 1559, Cames and Dinamene sailed the Mecon River in Indochina when they were shipwrecked. Bad tongues say Cames would have managed to save himself and the manuscripts of Os Lusadas while Dinamene drowned. Suppose that really happened, what are Cames’ reasons for such an election?What made you think these manuscripts expressed some value about your wife’s life?Is it possible to find a basis that can assure the poet that he did the right thing by choosing to keep the manuscripts in place?Save Dinamene? Now, life doesn’t just require a decision; Life is a decision, not deciding is a decision. But now the important question arises: is there anything that can guide us in the choices we must make every day, hour, minute, and second of our lives?Is there a criterion or standard by which to measure the value of these decisions, their good or poor quality?
- If we want to know the size of a wall.
- There is a shape (to ?????).
- Which can help us.
- Anyway.
- Just take a tape measure and measure and we will know the exact size.
- ?????) we use is tape measure.
- Because it is a universal standard.
- We can measure everything accurately.
- But what about the choices we have to make every minute of our lives?Is there a standard for accurate measurement?.
Axiology is the science that aims to reflect on the basis of values. The object of the analysis of axiology has been reasoned by many philosophers in the past. Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, as well as medieval philosophers like Thomas Aquinas, for example, when it comes to the classic triad of values (true-beautiful-good), inevitably end up asking the question of the “value” of actions. human. In other words, human actions must reflect man’s understanding of the true, the beautiful, and the good; however, the same seems to be true for modern philosophers, such as Descartes, Hume, Leibniz, Wolff, and Kant, among others.
Apparently, the specific treatment of this topic became more common in the mid-19th century from the work of Rudolf Hermann Lotze, however Friedrich Nietzsche is the one who will mark the history of axiology, focusing all his ethical reflection specifically on the notion of value. His thesis was that all values had to be relaxed and devalued. Nietzsche was known as the philosopher of the?Value of all values?[Umwertung go Werte]. He saw himself as a kind of John the Baptist, someone in charge of preparing the way for the “man of the future,” the Overmensch; which, when it arrives, will give definitive treatment to the problem of value and determination of the hierarchy of values. According to him: “All sciences must now open the way for the future task of the human being, this task being understood as follows: the man of the future must solve the problem of value, he must determine the hierarchy of values. “
After all, why does Nietzsche see the problem of courage as the most important challenge for the man of the future?Here is Nietzsche’s answer: because God is dead.
They have not heard of that madman who lit a flashlight in the middle of the morning and ran to the market and began to scream incessantly: “I’m looking for God! Looking for God! ?? ? And since there were many who did not believe in God, he woke up with a great laugh. So is it lost? One of them asked. Was it lost in your childhood? Said another. You are hiding? Are you afraid of us? Have you boarded a ship? Emigrated? ? they were yelling and laughing at each other. The madman threw himself on them and pierced them with his gaze. “Where has God gone?” He yelled, “I’ll tell you! We killed them? you and I. We are all your killers! But how did we do this? How do you manage to drink the sea completely? Who gave us the sponge to clean the horizon? What have we done to separate the earth from your sun? Where are you going now? Where we go? Away from all suns? Do we continually fall? Back, to the side, forward, in all directions? There is more? and? down ?? To wander as in an infinite nothingness? Don’t we feel the breath of emptiness on our skin? Hasn’t it gotten colder? Isn’t it dark forever? Shouldn’t we light lanterns in the morning? Have we not heard the sound of gravediggers burying God? Do we not feel the divine putrefaction? ? The gods rot too! God is dead! God is still dead! And we kill them! How can we comfort murderers among murderers? Has the strongest and holiest the world has ever possessed bled under our daggers? Who will cleanse us with this blood? With what water could we wash ourselves? What expiatory rites, what sacred games will we have to invent? Isn’t the greatness of this act too great for us? Shouldn’t we become gods ourselves, to at least appear worthy of it? (?) What are these churches if not mausoleums and tombs of God? (Friedrich Nietzsche, A Gaia Science, aphorism 125)
In one of the pieces of the Berlin Wall, scattered throughout the city, there is graffiti like this:
? Is God dead? ? Nietzsche
Someone crashed into:
“Nietzsche is dead!” ? God
The consequence of God’s death is the triggering of “nihilism. “Or what do we call an anaxiological society? [??????? The opposite of ?????]. What does nihilism mean? These supreme values have been devalued. The end is lacking; the answer to why is lacking.
In other words, these supreme values, for which man consecrated his life, and which were considered commandments of God, as “realities”, as “real” worlds, as hope and future life, were devalued today. regime of nihilism, the universe is devalued, that is, “meaningless”.
1. La axiological society tells us that the truth is relative, it depends on culture. Everyone can choose here and now if they want to be a man or a woman.
2. La axiological society tells us that beauty is 90 cans of excrement from artists labeled as “Artist Droppings”, as is the case of Piero Manzoni, which was even exhibited at the MAM, in Sao Paulo, in 2015.
3. La axiological society tells us that good is relative, it depends on culture. The infanticide of the Yanomami may not be good for us, but it may be a good ethical attitude of the Yanomami.
Fp 1. 27 I lived [??????? exercise its citizenship], above all, in a dignified manner [?????] of the Gospel of Christ
Ep 4. 1?What are you on a path worthy of the vocation to which you have been called?
Col 1:10 – live worthy of the Lord?
2. 12 – live in a God-worthy way?
Only Fp 1. 27 characterizes the verb as referring to the public, that is, society or life in society, the Christian must live in society in such a way (?????) that its supreme value (the gospel) is visible In other words, the actions of Christians must reflect the values of the EVANGELIO.
The axiology of Jesus: “For where is your treasure, there is also your heart. ?Mt 6. 21? Answer these questions What is truth?And will I know where your treasure is?”